History
article | Reading time15 min
History
article | Reading time15 min
At the castle of Angers, 6,000 years of history are contemplating us! Discover the long life of the fortress of the Apocalypse, an emblematic monument of Anjou at the heart of French history. Back to the Middle Ages... and beyond!
Ideally located on a promontory which dominates the Maine river a few kilometers upstream of its confluence with the Loire, the site of the castle of Angers knew how to seduce the builders well before the Middle Ages!
The oldest constructions on this site date back to prehistoric times ! The site was also favored by the Gauls for defense, then by the Romans who installed the heart of the ancient city there.
The site of the castle testifies in fact to the oldest origins of the city of Angers!
In the 9th century, Angers was threatened from the north, and by boat... The Vikings! With their famous drakkars, commanded by their leaders Ragnar Lodbrok and Bjorn Cote de Fer, they had already taken the city several times.
To resist them, the French king Charles the Bald decided in 851 to install a count on the promontory: this was the birth of the castle!
These representatives of the king will gradually take their independence. They founded powerful dynasties which exceeded the only territory of Anjou. One of them, Foulque V, will even become king of Jerusalem!
Last but not least: the Plantagenets are the last of the counts of Anjou. By happy matrimonial alliances, they became in the twelfth century ... kings of England !
Yes! Richard the Lionheart and John the Lackadaiser, popularized by the legend of Robin Hood, were above all Anjou princes! These sons of the powerful Eleanor of Aquitaine ruled over a territory stretching from Scotland to the Pyrenees.Attached to the region, some of them rest near here, at the Royal Abbey of Fontevraud.
Their count's palace in Angers, of whichimpressive remains remain inside the castle, was one of the most sumptuous in the West.
Such a powerful neighbor is not to please the king of France Philippe Auguste. The Capetian kings lead sieges and battles to recover the western lands from the Plantagenets. For Angers, it was done in 1206.
Until then the heart of the empire of the kings of England, Anjou was now the border of the kingdom of France. A border that had to be protected!
Queen Blanche of Castile, who was regent of the kingdom for her son Louis IX, the future Saint Louis, ordered in the 1230's the construction of a gigantic fortress.
This new building encompassed the old count's palace and quadrupled its surface. In order to do so, an entire district of the city was razed! 17 towers, deep ditches, ingenious defensive elements... and even sculpted decorations in the guardrooms!
Blanche's fortress is the strongest in France and the work is colossal!
In the XIVth and XVth century, the castle is inhabited by powerful princes of the royal family of France: the dukes of Anjou. They had splendid buildings built in the flamboyant Gothic style in the center of the castle, which they renovated.
Lovers of the arts, they commissioned works such as the gigantic tapestry of the Apocalypse and established a flourishing court life in Angers.
Discover the tapestry of the Apocalypse: the essential in 2 minutes
Their artistic legacy is more impressive than their political achievements. For in war, the dukes are not in luck! Heirs to the kingdoms of Naples, Sicily and Jerusalem, the Anjou family tried to control these distant lands, but in vain.
Louis I lost his life and King René his fortune.
Often less known than the men of their family, the duchesses of Anjou and their daughters nevertheless restore the family coat of arms! It was Yolande d'Aragon, King René's mother, who organized the epic of Joan of Arc and put an end to the Hundred Years War by allowing the coronation of her son-in-law, King Charles VII!
After the attachment of Anjou to the crown and the departure of king Rene for Provence, the castle became again a simple place of royal garrison. It was once again the target of attacks at the end of the 16th century. But this time, the enemy was within...
The Wars of Religion agitated the kingdom and the castle was taken twice by the Huguenots The king of France Henri III did not make a fuss: he ordered to raze the fortress!
It is finally reorganized by its governor Donadieu de Puycharic: the archways are widened to become gunboats, the towers are removed and artillery platforms are created.
It is this drastic update that gives the castle of Angers the look we know today!
Except for an episodic visit of François I in 1518, this time, the life of the castle is well over!
From Louis XIV to Napoleon III through the French Revolution, the fortress was used essentially as a barracks or prison.
Some of those imprisoned remained famous, such as Nicolas Fouquet. This minister of Louis XIV was imprisoned in Angers in 1661, under the leadership of a certain... D'Artagnan!
Others, more anonymous, were put in irons for different reasons: war hostages, political prisoners, common law prisoners or even psychiatric patients...
All of them have left traces of their lives on the walls of the castle. Enigmatic messages , drawings, names, dates... These graffiti testify to a dark and often unknown history of the monument.
The castle was classified as a historical monument in 1875. While it is still under authority of the Army, it is decided in 1936 that it will be transferred to the administration of the Fine Arts. But the war delayed its opening to the public.
On August 4, 1944, the Liberation of Anjou had begun: Allied bombs rained down on the city. In the castle, which housed a German base, the damage was considerable.
Then, as everywhere in France, it was necessary to rebuild. The site was developed for walking, gardens were planted and buildings were restored.A phenomenal project was also launched: a monumental contemporary gallery dedicated to exhibiting and preserving a work of art that is just as monumental: the tapestry of the Apocalypse by Duke Louis I.
In 1948, the monument welcomed its first visitors. The Gallery of the Apocalypse opened 6 years later. It had been nearly 500 years since the tapestry had left the castle!
Today, the castle of Angers is an island of greenery in the heart of the city. Rose garden, simple garden, regular garden, hydrangea garden...
Plants are omnipresent! It reminds us of the history of the site but also of the region of Angers, between vineyards and horticultural innovation.
In addition to the tapestry of the Apocalypse, which is on display all year round, the castle houses the tapestry treasure of Angers Cathedral.
In the royal dwelling, spaces of interpretation of the heritage with models and videos, as well as temporary exhibitions await you.
As a national domain of the Centre des monuments nationaux network, the castle welcomes more than 260,000 visitors per year, to whom it offers events and activities throughout the year, to learn, marvel... and dream big!